US – Mexico Border Water Dispute Escalates

Severe drought and high temperatures have led to Mexico lagging in its water deliveries under the treaty, exacerbating tensions.

As per the 1944 treaty, Mexico is obligated to send 1.75 million acre-feet of water to the U.S. every five years from the Rio Grande. Meanwhile, the U.S. has to provide 1.5 million acre-feet annually from the Colorado River to Mexico. However, Maria Elena Giner, the U.S. commissioner of the International Boundary and Water Commission, noted that Mexico has delivered only enough water for one year as the current five-year cycle nears its completion in October 2025.

The drought has severely impacted both nations, particularly Texas farmers who depend on water from Mexico. This has led some Texas leaders to call for punitive measures against Mexico, including withholding aid. Conversely, northern Mexico, including the state of Chihuahua, is facing similar severe drought conditions, with residents and farmers also enduring significant hardship.

The situation remains complicated, with calls for better water management and conservation amid discussions about treaty amendments. The upcoming political changes in both countries could further impact relations and the fulfillment of treaty obligations.